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Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing means to take an author’s ideas and express them in your own words.
You might change the vocabulary or grammar, but you keep the original meaning.
The length of a paraphrase will probably be about the same as the original.
Why paraphrase?
The purpose is to show your own audience that you understood what you read and are
not merely repeating it, and also to avoid plagiarism!
How do you paraphrase?
Here are some strategies that may help you do your own paraphrasing!
You should always try to apply as many of these as possible in order to
be sure you are not plagiarizing.
(1) use synonyms or synonymous phrases
Original: Germs are everywhere.
New: Potentially harmful microorganisms are everywhere.
(2) change the form of words
Original: Storing food properly is important.
New: Proper food storage is important.
(3) change the grammar – word order, shifting clauses, changing singular to plural,
etc.
Original: Molds are able to grow under refrigeration.
New: A mold is able to grow under refrigeration.
Original: When food is frozen, most microorganisms in it de.
New: Most microorganisms in food die when it is frozen.
Original: Bacteria, molds and yeast cause food spoilage.
New: Food spoilage is caused by bacteria, molds and yeast.
(4) change the point of view
Original: You can kill microorganisms in soup by boiling.
New: We can kill microorganisms in soup by boiling.
It is possible to kill microorganisms in soup by boiling.
(5) omit unnecessary words or phrases
SAMPLE
The original passage:
Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result
they overuse quotations in the final paper. Probably only about 10% of your
final essay should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should
try to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes.
L A plagiarized version: L
Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in
too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of
the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit
the amount of source material copied while taking notes.
J A legitimate paraphrase: J
In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down
to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential
to minimize the material recorded word for word.
You might change the vocabulary or grammar, but you keep the original meaning.
The length of a paraphrase will probably be about the same as the original.
Why paraphrase?
The purpose is to show your own audience that you understood what you read and are
not merely repeating it, and also to avoid plagiarism!
How do you paraphrase?
Here are some strategies that may help you do your own paraphrasing!
You should always try to apply as many of these as possible in order to
be sure you are not plagiarizing.
(1) use synonyms or synonymous phrases
Original: Germs are everywhere.
New: Potentially harmful microorganisms are everywhere.
(2) change the form of words
Original: Storing food properly is important.
New: Proper food storage is important.
(3) change the grammar – word order, shifting clauses, changing singular to plural,
etc.
Original: Molds are able to grow under refrigeration.
New: A mold is able to grow under refrigeration.
Original: When food is frozen, most microorganisms in it de.
New: Most microorganisms in food die when it is frozen.
Original: Bacteria, molds and yeast cause food spoilage.
New: Food spoilage is caused by bacteria, molds and yeast.
(4) change the point of view
Original: You can kill microorganisms in soup by boiling.
New: We can kill microorganisms in soup by boiling.
It is possible to kill microorganisms in soup by boiling.
(5) omit unnecessary words or phrases
Original: The earliest method of food preservation was drying, which means
removing up to 99 percent of the moisture in food.
New: The earliest method of food preservation was drying.
(6) change conjunctions and transition words
Original: Refrigeration slows the growth of microorganisms. However, it
does not kill them
New: Refrigeration slows the growth of microorganisms, but it does not
kill them.
removing up to 99 percent of the moisture in food.
New: The earliest method of food preservation was drying.
(6) change conjunctions and transition words
Original: Refrigeration slows the growth of microorganisms. However, it
does not kill them
New: Refrigeration slows the growth of microorganisms, but it does not
kill them.
SAMPLE
The original passage:
Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result
they overuse quotations in the final paper. Probably only about 10% of your
final essay should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should
try to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes.
L A plagiarized version: L
Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in
too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of
the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit
the amount of source material copied while taking notes.
J A legitimate paraphrase: J
In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down
to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential
to minimize the material recorded word for word.
jbelknap |
Latest page update: made by jbelknap
, Dec 14 2010, 2:46 PM EST
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